Angus J Huck

Sent: Friday, November 22, 2002

Subject: Ilurbeda

Dear Sir,
 
I first of all must apologise for my inability to speak or read Portuguese.
 
I am therefore unable properly to ascertain your identity or motives. So do forgive me if my assumption is entirely wrong!
 
I came across your page while searching for information about the deity Ilurbeda, which is recorded on Roman era inscriptions at Condeixa a Velha and Covas dos Ladroes, both in Portugal.
 
My concern is that it appears to be your belief that Ilurbeda was a Celtic deity. Although he/she may have been worshipped by people who spoke Celtic (do we have evidence for this?), and was certainly worshipped by people who wrote in Latin, Ilurbeda is quite clearly Iberian in origin.
 
Take the first element, ilur. This is found in the deity name, Ilurberixus (literally "new snow"?), recorded in Roman era inscriptions at two locations, one in Hautes Pyrenees, France, the other in the Val D'Aran, Spain. It is also recorded as an element in an Iberian personal name on the Ascoli Bronze Plate, which dates from c 72 BC: Illurtibas (literally "greedy snow"?). ilur may mean "snow" or "hawthorn", depending on context. As you can see, it is found in compounds which are transparently Dene-Caucasian and has cognates in Basque.
 
beda is found in the ancient mountain names Idubeda (the range in the south of Rioja, Spain) and Orospeda (in the South-East of Spain), both recorded by classical writers. It is probably cognate with Basque bede "entrance hall", and may indicate that the mountain top was thought to be a portal to the next world (it is known that mountain peaks were once believed to be the abode of deities, and this is still the case in Basque folklore). Note the similarity between Basque bedagin/bedegin "witch" (literally "gatekeeper"?) and the Iberian deity Ataecina/Adaegina "gatekeeper (to the underworld)". Bedagin/bedegin was probably an unrecorded deity who was demonised after Christianisation.
 
I hope that the above clarifies my concern.
 
You can contact me at ...
 
Yours faithfully,
 
 
 
Angus J Huck