Antonio Mendizabal-ek Donostiako sikiatrak (tel. 943.424483) kontatu zidan 32.000-3-2an, eta bihotzez eskertzen diot.
Ahur, esku zabala, ahur eskua, esku naba leinuko larru gorriak :
Concilium Laterannense III.ean, 1179an, bildu ziren Erroman 300 katoliko
apezpiku eta "Catharos"-ekin batera eskumikatzen gaituzte "Navariis
Baschis"...
orokorrean "...Brabantionibus & Aragonensibus, Navariis,
Bascolis
(Baschis), Coterellis & Triaverdinis..." "...in Gasconia,
Albegesio, &
partibus Tolosanis, & aliis locis, ita haereticorum, quos alii Catharos...",
alegia, Pirinio osoa bi aldetatik eskumikatua...
Eskumikoak konkista eskubidea zekarren loturik, alegia, "...los arriba mencionados...privados y despojados de todo título, honor y dignidad real, entregando sus reinos, dominios y bienes a quienes los hubieran capturado o capturasen, expropiados según guerra justísima..."
"...declaró la guerra santa contra los brabantinos, navarros y vascos, etc. que lo devastaban todo y no perdonaban edad ni sexo alguno."
Catharo guztiak akabatu zituzten gurutzada santuan XIII. mendean (Beziers,
Carcasonne, Garonako Tolosa, Muret, Montsegur...)
Navariis Baschis jarraitzen dugu bizirik, baina Nazio bezala eskumikatuak eta batailatuok,
batailatu sakrilegoak gara eta guzti hau katoliko apaiz guztiek dakite...Noiz
kendu behar digute eskumikua ?
Dangereux terroristes du XII siecle
All Ecumenical Councils - All the Decrees
XXVII. De haereticis. Concilium Laterannense III. 1179.
As St. Leo says, though the discipline of the church should be satisfied with the judgment of the priest and should not cause the shedding of blood, yet it is helped by the laws of catholic princes so that people often seek a salutary remedy when they fear that a corporal punishment will overtake them.
For this reason, since in Gascony and the regions of Albi and Toulouse and in other places the loathsome heresy of those whom some call the Cathars, others the Patarenes, others the Publicani, and others by different names, has grown so strong that they no longer practise their wickedness in secret, as others do, but proclaim their error publicly and draw the simple and weak to join them, we declare that they and their defenders and those who receive them are under anathema, and we forbid under pain of anathema that anyone should keep or support them in their houses or lands or should trade with them.
If anyone dies in this sin, then neither under cover of our privileges granted to anyone, nor for any other reason, is mass to be offered for them or are they to receive burial among Christians.
With regard to the Brabanters, Aragonese, Navarrese, Basques, Coterelli and Triaverdini 17 , who practise such cruelty upon Christians that they respect neither churches nor monasteries, and spare neither widows, orphans, old or young nor any age or sex, but like pagans destroy and lay everything waste, we likewise decree that those who hire, keep or support them, in the districts where they rage around, should be denounced publicly on Sundays and other solemn days in the churches, that they should be subject in every way to the same sentence and penalty as the above-mentioned heretics and that they should not be received into the communion of the church, unless they abjure their pernicious society and heresy.
As long as such people persist in their wickedness, let all who are bound to them by any pact know that they are free from all obligations of loyalty, homage or any obedience. On these 18 and on all the faithful we enjoin, for the remission of sins, that they oppose this scourge with all their might and by arms protect the christian people against them. Their goods are to be confiscated and princes free to subject them to slavery.
Those who in true sorrow for their sins die in such a conflict should not doubt that they will receive forgiveness for their sins and the fruit of an eternal reward. We too trusting in the mercy of God and the authority of the blessed apostles Peter and Paul, grant to faithful Christians who take up arms against them, and who on the advice of bishops or other prelates seek to drive them out, a remission for two years of penance imposed on them, or, if their service shall be longer, we entrust it to the discretion of the bishops, to whom this task has been committed, to grant greater indulgence, according to their judgment, in proportion to the degree of their toil.
We command that those who refuse to obey the exhortation of the bishops in this matter should not be allowed to receive the body and blood of the Lord. Meanwhile we receive under the protection of the church, as we do those who visit the Lord's sepulchre, those who fired by their faith have taken upon themselves the task of driving out these heretics, and we decree that they should remain undisturbed from all disquiet both in their property and persons.
If any of you presumes to molest them, he shall incur the sentence of excommunication from the bishop of the place, and let the sentence be observed by all until what has been taken away has been restored and suitable satisfaction has been made for the loss inflicted. Bishops and priests who do not resist such wrongs are to be punished by loss of their office until they gain the pardon of the apostolic see.
Please, norbaitek itzul dezake.
"XXVII. De haereticis. Concilium Laterannense III. 1179. (Mansi)
Sicut ait beatus Leo, licet ecclefiaftica sisciplina sacerdotali contenta
judicio, cruentas non efficiat ulttiones : catholicorum tamen principum
constitutionibus abjuvatur, ut saepe quaerant homines salutare remedium, dum
corporale super se metuunt evenire supplicium. Eapropter, quia in Gasconia,
Albegesio, & Partibus Tolosanis, & alliis locis, ita haereticorum, quos
alii Catharos, alii Patarenos Patrinos, alli Publicanos, alii aliis nominibus
vocant, invaluit damnata perversitas, ut jam non in occulto, sicut aliqui,
nequitiam suam exerceant, fed suum errorem publice manifestent, & ad suum
consensum simplices attrahant & infirmos : eos, & defensores eorum,
& receptores, anathemati decernimus subjacere : & sub anathemate
prohibemus ne quis eos in domibus, vel in terrasua tenere, vel sovere, vel
negotiationem cum eis exercere praefumar. Si autem in hoc peccato deceslerint,
non sub nostrorum privilegiorum cuilibet indultorum obtentu, nec sub aliacumque
occasione, aut oblatio fiat pro eis, aut inter Christianos recipiant sepulturam.
De Brabancohibus Brabantionibus & Aragonensibus, Navariis, Baschis
Bascolis,
Coterellis & Triaverdinis, qui tantam in Christianos immanitatem exercent,
ut nec ecclesiis, nec monasteriis deferant, non viduis, & pupillis, non
senibus, & pueris, nec cuilibet parcant aetati, aut sexui, sed more
paganorum omnia perdant, & vastent : similiter constituimus, ut qui eos
conduxerint, vel tenuerint, vel soverint per regions, in quibus taliter
debacchantur, in Dominicis, & aliis solemnibus diebus publice excommunicati
denuncientur per ecclesias publice denuncientur, & eadem omnino sentencia
& paena cum praedictis haereticis habeantur adstricti, nec ad communionem
recipiantur ecclesiae, nisi societate illa pestitera, & haeresi abjuratis.
Relaxatos autem se noverint a debito fidelitatis & hominii, ac totius
obtequii : donec in tantainiquitate permanserint quicumque illis aliquo pacto
peccato tenentur annexi. Ipsis autem, cunetisque fidelibus, in remisionem omnium
peccatorum injungimus, ut tantis cladibus, se viriliter opponant, & contra
eos armis populum Christianum tueantur.
Consiscenturque eorum bona, & liberum sit principibus, hujusmodi homines
subjicere servituti. Quiautem in vera paenitentia ibi deceflerint, &
peccatorum indulgentiam, & fructum mercedis aeternae se non dubitent
percepturos.
Nos etiam de misericordia Dei, & bestorum apostolorum Petri & Pauli
authoritate confifi, fidelibus Christianis, qui contra eos arma susceperint,
& ad episcoporum, seu aliorum praelatorum concilium, ad eos decertando ad
eos certaverint expugn expugnandos, biennium de paenitentia injuneta relaxamus :
aut si longiorem ibi moram habuerint, episcoporum diferetioni, quibus hujus rei
causa fuerit injuncta, committimus, ut ad eorum arbitrium, fecundum modum
laboris, major eis indulgentia tribuatur.
Illos autem, qui admonitioni episcoporum in hujuscemodi parte parere
contempferunt, a perceptione corporis & sanguinis Domini jubemus fieri
alienos. Interim vero eos, qui ardore fidei ad eos expugnandum, laborem istum
justum astumpserint, sicut eos, qui sepulchrum Dominicum visitant, sub ecclesiae
defensione recipimus, & ab universis inquietationibus, tam in rebus, quam in
personis, statuimus manere securos.
Si vero quispiam vestrum praesumpserit eos molestare, per episcopum loci
excommunicationis sententia seriatur : & tamdiu sententia fervetur ab
omnibus, donec & ablata reddantur, & de illatis damnis congrue iterum
satisfaciat.
Episcopi vero, five presbyteri, qui talibus fortiter non restiterint, officii
sui privatione mulctentur, donec misecordiam apostolieae fedis obtineant."
Horrela bukatzen da "Concilium Lateranense III, XXVII. De haereticis."
atala.
Lateranense III kopia (Mansi)
All Ecumenical Councils - All the Decrees
Concilio Lateranense IV 1.215, Inocencio III.
Contra los Vascos, Navarros, Aragoneses, Albigenses, Cátaros, Valdenses, etc.)
IV CONCILIO DE LETRÁN, 1215 VII ecuménico
3.- Decreto sobre los herejes.
Excomulgamos y anatematizamos a toda suerte de herejía que se alce contra la fe santa, ortodoxa y católica, que acabamos de exponer. Condenamos a todos los herejes, cualesquiera sea el nombre con el cual se los denomine. Porque si bien se presentan de modo diferente a la luz del día, están muy unidos en la clandestinidad : el orgullo los hace a todos iguales.
Los condenados serán entregados a la potestad secular presente o futura a fin de que sean castigados como corresponde. Los clérigos serán previamente degradados de sus órdenes.
Los bienes de todos los laicos condenados serán confiscados. Los de los clérigos se entregarán a las iglesias de las cuales recibían estipendios.
Los que fueren encontrados sólo notoriamente sospechosos, habida cuenta de la gravedad de la sospecha, serán entregados al ejército. A no ser que la persona pudiere demostrar la propia inocencia luego de una congrua penitencia. Han de ser evitados por todos hasta que no puedan dar una digna satisfacción. Serán condenados como herejes si al cabo de un año permanecieren en su estado de excomunión.
Las potestades seculares, si fuere necesario, serán amonestadas e inducidas mediante censuras eclesiásticas, sean cual fuere el cargo que ocupen. Si quisieren ser consideradas y tenidas como fieles, harán público juramento de defender la fe, y de eliminar de sus territorios y jurisdicción, mediante varones de fe probada, a todos los herejes señalados por la iglesia.
Todo el que asuma cualquier tipo de poder, espiritual o temporal, estará obligado a firmar dicho juramento.
Si un Señor temporal, exigido y amonestado por la iglesia, fuere negligente en purgar su territorio de la inmundicia de la herejía, será excomulgado por el obispo metropolitano y sus sufragáneos. Si se negare a dar satisfacción en el lapso de un año, el hecho serán puesto en conocimiento del Sumo Pontífice.
En tales casos sus vasallos serán declarados libres del juramento de fidelidad, y su tierra será expuesta a la ocupación de los Señores católicos, que tomarán posesión con la finalidad de exterminar a los herejes sin impedimento alguno, conservando el feudo en la pureza de la fe. Quedarán a salvo los derechos del Señor Principal, siempre y cuando este no oponga a dicha tarea ningún obstáculo e impedimento. Porque las presentes disposiciones también son válidas para los que poseen un feudo principal.
Los católicos que asuman el carácter de cruzados dedicándose al exterminio de los herejes, gozarán de idénticas indulgencias, privilegios y subsidios de los que se dirigen a Tierra Santa.
Tanto los simples creyentes como muy especialmente los maestros, defensores y propagadores de los herejes, serán sometidos a la pena de la excomunión. Decretamos inapelablemente que una vez que les fuere notificada la excomunión, si se negaren a dar satisfacción en el correr de un año serán, ipso jure, declarados infames.
En consecuencia no serán admitidos a los cargos o consejos públicos, ni podrán ser electores, ni testigos. Serán declarados incapaces de hacer actos jurídicos. Ni tendrán libertad de hacer testamento, ni de recibir herencias dejadas en sucesión. No podrán tampoco hacer contratos ni llamar a juicio a terceros.
Si por acaso se presentaren ante un juez, la sentencia no tendrá ninguna validez, y nadie podrá ser obligado a comparecer en sus causas. Si fuere abogado su defensa no será admitida en modo alguno. Si fuese notario, los documentos que pudiere redactar no tendrán ningún valor, siendo tan condenables como su autor. En casos semejantes recomendamos un trato análogo.
Los clérigos serán despojados de todo oficio y beneficio. Donde hay mayor culpa ha de ejercerse una venganza mayor. Una vez juzgados por la iglesia, serán evitados con sentencia de excomunión, hasta que den una satisfacción conveniente. Damos por descontado que los clérigos jamás administrarán a estos pestilentes los sacramentos eclesiásticos ni tendrán la presunción de darles cristiana sepultura. Tampoco podrán recibir de sus manos donativos o limosnas. Si actuaren en contrario serán privados de su oficio, al cual no serán nunca readmitidos sin un indulto especial de la sede apostólica.
Los religiosos que estuvieren en análoga situación no podrán reclamar sus derechos propios en las diócesis en las que perpetren sus execrables excesos.
Hay quiénes "bajo apariencia piedad y sin ningún poder", como dice al apóstol, reivindican para sí el derecho de la predicación. Dado que el mismo apóstol dice :"¿Cómo predicarán si no son enviados?", nadie podrá usurpar para sí el oficio de la predicación, tanto pública como privada. Esto vale tanto para los que hubieren sido vetados como los que no han recibido la misión canónica mediante autorización de la sede apostólica o de un obispo católico.
Todo arzobispo u obispo recorra su propia jurisdicción, por sí mismo o por su archidiácono, o por intermedio de personas idóneas y honestas. Lo hará dos veces al año, o al menos anualmente, si le pareciere suficiente. Busque tres o más varones que puedan ser buenos testigos y si fuere necesario obligue a jurar a todo el vecindario.
Si alguno llegare a saber que en el lugar alguien vive como hereje, o bien que hay quiénes celebran reuniones clandestinas, o quiénes se apartan de la convivencia común con los fieles, por su vida y por sus costumbres, ése tal deberá denunciar el hecho a su obispo.
Dicho obispo convocará a los acusados a su presencia, los cuales si no pudieren excusar la culpa denunciada, o si con posterioridad reincidieren en la perfidia primera, serán castigados canónicamente.
Si alguno se negare con obstinación condenable a efectuar un juramento religioso, o no quisiere jurar en modo alguno, por ese mismo hecho será considerados hereje.
Esta es nuestra explícita voluntad y mandato. Y así lo prescribimos estrictamente en virtud de la obediencia a fin de que todo lo antedicho sea puntualmente puesto en práctica.
Los obispos vigilen diligentemente sus diócesis, si es que quieren evitar las penas canónicas. Si algún obispo fuere negligente o remiso en purgar en su diócesis la levadura perversa de la herejía, y esto fuera demostrado con claros indicios, sea depuesto del oficio episcopal y en su lugar sea instituido otro idóneo, capaz de confundir la depravación de la herejía.
3. On Heretics
We excommunicate and anathematize every heresy raising itself up against this holy, orthodox and catholic faith which we have expounded above. We condemn all heretics, whatever names they may go under. They have different faces indeed but their tails are tied together inasmuch as they are alike in their pride. Let those condemned be handed over to the secular authorities present, or to their bailiffs, for due punishment. Clerics are first to be degraded from their orders. The goods of the condemned are to be confiscated, if they are lay persons, and if clerics they are to be applied to the churches from which they received their stipends. Those who are only found suspect of heresy are to be struck with the sword of anathema, unless they prove their innocence by an appropriate purgation, having regard to the reasons for suspicion and the character of the person. Let such persons be avoided by all until they have made adequate satisfaction. If they persist in the excommunication for a year, they are to be condemned as heretics. Let secular authorities, whatever offices they may be discharging, be advised and urged and if necessary be compelled by ecclesiastical censure, if they wish to be reputed and held to be faithful, to take publicly an oath for the defence of the faith to the effect that they will seek, in so far as they can, to expel from the lands subject to their jurisdiction all heretics designated by the church in good faith. Thus whenever anyone is promoted to spiritual or temporal authority, he shall be obliged to confirm this article with an oath. If however a temporal lord, required and instructed by the church, neglects to cleanse his territory of this heretical filth, he shall be bound with the bond of excommunication by the metropolitan and other bishops of the province. If he refuses to give satisfaction within a year, this shall be reported to the supreme pontiff so that he may then declare his vassals absolved from their fealty to him and make the land available for occupation by Catholics so that these may, after they have expelled the heretics, possess it unopposed and preserve it in the purity of the faith -- saving the right of the suzerain provided that he makes no difficulty in the matter and puts no impediment in the way. The same law is to be observed no less as regards those who do not have a suzerain.
Catholics who take the cross and gird themselves up for the expulsion of heretics shall enjoy the same indulgence, and be strengthened by the same holy privilege, as is granted to those who go to the aid of the holy Land. Moreover, we determine to subject to excommunication believers who receive, defend or support heretics. We strictly ordain that if any such person, after he has been designated as excommunicated, refuses to render satisfaction within a year, then by the law itself he shall be branded as infamous and not be admitted to public offices or councils or to elect others to the same or to give testimony. He shall be intestable, that is he shall not have the freedom to make a will nor shall succeed to an inheritance. Moreover nobody shall be compelled to answer to him on any business whatever, but he may be compelled to answer to them. If he is a judge sentences pronounced by him shall have no force and cases may not be brought before him; if an advocate, he may not be allowed to defend anyone; if a notary, documents drawn up by him shall be worthless and condemned along with their condemned author; and in similar matters we order the same to be observed. If however he is a cleric, let him be deposed from every office and benefice, so that the greater the fault the greater be the punishment. If any refuse to avoid such persons after they have been pointed out by the church, let them be punished with the sentence of excommunication until they make suitable satisfaction. Clerics should not, of course, give the sacraments of the church to such pestilent people nor give them a christian burial nor accept alms or offerings from them; if they do, let them be deprived of their office and not restored to it without a special indult of the apostolic see. Similarly with regulars, let them be punished with losing their privileges in the diocese in which they presume to commit such excesses.
"There are some who holding to the form of religion but denying its power (as the Apostle says) , claim for themselves the authority to preach, whereas the same Apostle says, How shall they preach unless they are sent? Let therefore all those who have been forbidden or not sent to preach, and yet dare publicly or privately to usurp the office of preaching without having received the authority of the apostolic see or the catholic bishop of the place", be bound with the bond of excommunication and, unless they repent very quickly, be punished by another suitable penalty. We add further that each archbishop or bishop, either in person or through his archdeacon or through suitable honest persons, should visit twice or at least once in the year any parish of his in which heretics are said to live. There he should compel three or more men of good repute, or even if it seems expedient the whole neighbourhood, to swear that if anyone knows of heretics there or of any persons who hold secret conventicles or who differ in their life and habits from the normal way of living of the faithful, then he will take care to point them out to the bishop. The bishop himself should summon the accused to his presence, and they should be punished canonically if they are unable to clear themselves of the charge or if after compurgation they relapse into their former errors of faith. If however any of them with damnable obstinacy refuse to honour an oath and so will not take it, let them by this very fact be regarded as heretics. We therefore will and command and, in virtue of obedience, strictly command that bishops see carefully to the effective execution of these things throughout their dioceses, if they wish to avoid canonical penalties. If any bishop is negligent or remiss in cleansing his diocese of the ferment of heresy, then when this shows itself by unmistakeable signs he shall be deposed from his office as bishop and there shall be put in his place a suitable person who both wishes and is able to overthrow the evil of heresy.